Questions
3–4 questions per board paper
Difficulty
Easy
Importance
Core — never skip
Overview
This topic establishes the foundational definition of democracy and evaluates its functional utility compared to other governance systems. For exams, it is crucial to move beyond simple definitions and focus on the analytical features that distinguish democratic regimes from non-democratic ones, as well as the arguments regarding their efficiency and moral legitimacy.
Features of Democracy
Democracy is defined as a form of government where rulers are elected by the people. To distinguish it from pseudo-democracies, one must analyze specific institutional requirements that ensure fair representation.
- Major decisions taken by elected leaders
- Free and fair electoral competition
- One person, one vote, one value
- Rule of law and respect for rights
Arguments Against Democracy
Critiques of democracy often focus on operational inefficiencies and the potential for instability. These points are frequently tested in 'critique-based' questions requiring a balanced view.
- Instability due to frequent leadership changes
- Focus on political competition rather than morality
- Delay in decision-making due to consultation processes
- Bad decisions caused by lack of institutional knowledge
Arguments For Democracy
Democracy is preferred not because it is perfect, but because it provides a superior mechanism for self-correction and human dignity. It is vital to articulate why democracy is more accountable than dictatorial regimes.
- More accountable form of government
- Improves the quality of decision-making
- Provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts
- Enhances the dignity of citizens
- Allows for self-correction of mistakes
Exam Tip
Always link your arguments to the 'Rule of Law' and 'Rights'—these are the key keywords examiners look for to award full marks.
Common Mistakes
- Confusing the general definition with the 'broader meaning' of democracy in social life
- Failing to cite specific real-world examples like China or Mexico when asked to illustrate non-democratic features
- Writing vague generalities instead of using the core criteria (e.g., universal adult franchise, rule of law)
More Revision Notes
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