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Everyday Science — Physics & Chemistry Notes

Questions

2 questions per paper

Difficulty

Easy

Importance

Low effort, high accuracy section

Overview

Everyday Science in competitive exams focuses on the practical application of Physics and Chemistry principles in daily life. It is a high-reward section because questions are fact-based, direct, and time-efficient, requiring minimal calculation compared to advanced engineering papers.

Units and Measurements

This section tests the knowledge of SI units and derived physical quantities. Exams frequently feature conversion questions or matching physical quantities with their standard units.

  • SI Unit of Force: Newton (N)
  • SI Unit of Pressure: Pascal (Pa)
  • SI Unit of Work/Energy: Joule (J)
  • Light Year is a unit of distance, not time
  • Parsec is the largest unit of distance (3.26 light years)
  • 1 Angstrom = 10^-10 meters

Common Chemical Compounds

Aspirants must memorize common names, chemical names, and industrial uses of everyday household chemicals. Questions usually follow a 'Match the Column' format regarding their chemical composition.

  • Baking Soda: Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
  • Washing Soda: Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3.10H2O)
  • Bleaching Powder: Calcium Oxychloride (CaOCl2)
  • Plaster of Paris: Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (CaSO4.1/2H2O)
  • Quick Lime: Calcium Oxide (CaO)
  • Blue Vitriol: Copper Sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O)

Basic Physics Phenomena

This covers optics, electricity, and mechanics concepts that explain natural occurrences. Focus on the 'why' behind phenomena like refraction or scattering to answer conceptual MCQs.

  • Twinkling of stars: Atmospheric refraction
  • Blue color of sky: Rayleigh scattering
  • Rainbow formation: Dispersion, refraction, and internal reflection
  • Mirage: Total internal reflection
  • Ohm's Law: V = IR
  • Power of lens: P = 1/f (in meters)

Formula Sheet

V = IR (Ohm's Law)

P = 1/f (Power of Lens)

F = ma (Newton's Second Law)

W = Fd (Work Done)

Exam Tip

Focus on memorizing standard 'common names' of chemicals and 'phenomena' behind natural events; these are high-frequency, memory-based questions that take seconds to solve.

Common Mistakes

  • Confusing the chemical formulas of Washing Soda and Baking Soda due to similar naming.
  • Misidentifying Light Year as a unit of time instead of distance.
  • Overlooking the difference between convex and concave mirror applications in daily devices.

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