Govt Exam Study Notes.

SSC CGL Tier-1 is the gateway to Group B and C posts across central government ministries, departments and organisations — Assistant, Inspector, Auditor, Sub-Inspector (CBI) and more. It is one of India’s highest-volume graduate recruitment exams, testing General Intelligence, General Awareness, Quantitative Aptitude and English Comprehension at graduate level in a strict 60-minute CBT.

SSC CHSL recruits Class 12 pass candidates for Lower Division Clerk (LDC)/Junior Secretariat Assistant (JSA), Postal Assistant/Sorting Assistant and Data Entry Operator posts in central government offices. Tier-1 is Class 12 level — a notch easier than CGL — but the sheer number of applicants keeps cutoffs competitive.

SSC MTS recruits Multi Tasking (Non-Technical) Staff — Group C posts such as peon, daftary, jamadar and watchman — across central government offices. It is Class 10 level, the easiest SSC paper by syllabus depth, but attracts some of the largest applicant pools of any SSC exam.

SSC GD Constable is the largest-volume SSC recruitment exam by applicant count, filling Constable (General Duty) posts in CAPF (BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB), Assam Rifles, Secretariat Security Force and Rifleman (GD) in NIA/SSF. The written exam is Class 10 level, followed by PET/PST and a detailed medical exam.

IBPS PO recruits Probationary Officers — future Assistant Managers — across 11+ public sector banks via a Prelims + Mains + Interview process. The Prelims exam tests English, Quantitative Aptitude and Reasoning at speed; Mains adds a General/Banking Awareness section and descriptive test before a final HR interview.

IBPS Clerk recruits Clerks/Junior Associates for public sector banks via a Prelims + Mains process — no interview. Selection is based purely on the Mains score, so consistent accuracy across all four sections matters more than any single strong section.

SBI PO recruits Probationary Officers for State Bank of India — India’s largest public sector bank — via Prelims, Mains, Group Exercise and Interview. It is regarded as a notch harder than IBPS PO, especially in Data Interpretation and puzzle-based reasoning.

SBI Clerk recruits Junior Associates (Customer Support & Sales) for State Bank of India via Prelims + Mains — no interview. It is the highest-applicant-volume bank exam in India, so accuracy across all four sections is essential since Mains score alone decides selection.

SSC GD Constable is the largest-volume SSC recruitment exam by applicant count, filling Constable (General Duty) posts in CAPF (BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB), Assam Rifles, Secretariat Security Force and Rifleman (GD) in NIA/SSF. The written exam is Class 10 level, followed by PET/PST and a detailed medical exam.

SSC CPO recruits Sub-Inspectors for Delhi Police and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) — BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB. Paper 1 is CGL-comparable in difficulty and is followed by a Physical Standard/Efficiency Test (PST/PET), Paper 2 (English) and a medical exam.

UP Police Constable (Civil Police) is Uttar Pradesh’s largest state-level recruitment exam, filling tens of thousands of constable vacancies. The written test has no negative marking, so every question is worth attempting. It tests General Knowledge, General Hindi, Numerical & Mental Ability and Mental Aptitude/IQ/Reasoning — a genuinely different structure from the standard SSC 4-section template. It is followed by a Physical Efficiency Test (PET) and Physical Standard Test (PST).

Delhi Police Constable (Executive) recruits constables for the national capital’s police force. The written test is Class 12 level, unevenly weighted across its 4 sections — General Knowledge/Current Affairs alone is half the paper — with a standalone Computer Awareness section instead of any English test. Followed by Physical Efficiency Test (PET), Physical Measurement Test (PMT) and detailed medical examination.

CTET is conducted twice a year by CBSE and is the national teacher-eligibility certificate — a mandatory qualification for teaching posts in central government schools (Kendriya Vidyalaya, Navodaya Vidyalaya) and accepted by most states for their own recruitment. Paper 1 qualifies you for Classes I-V (Primary Stage). Every subject splits 50/50 between subject content and teaching pedagogy, with no negative marking. The certificate is valid for life (since a 2021 CBSE circular removed the earlier 7-year expiry).

CTET Paper 2 is the CBSE-conducted eligibility certificate for teaching Classes VI-VIII (Upper Primary Stage). Candidates choose between a Mathematics & Science block or a Social Studies block based on which they intend to teach — Child Development & Pedagogy and both languages are compulsory regardless. Like Paper 1, there is no negative marking and every subject is half content, half pedagogy. Many candidates sit both Paper 1 and Paper 2 in the same CTET cycle to widen their eligibility.

UPTET is conducted by the Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Board (UPBEB) and is the state-level teacher-eligibility gateway for UP's own primary and upper-primary teacher recruitment drives. The Primary Stage paper follows the same 5-section, no-negative-marking structure as CTET Paper 1, and is the exam most UP teacher aspirants sit before applying to state recruitment cycles (such as the UP Assistant Teacher exams). Language II support here is English only — the real exam also accepts Sanskrit or Urdu.

UPTET Upper Primary is UPBEB's state-level eligibility paper for Classes VI-VIII, feeding Uttar Pradesh's own upper-primary teacher recruitment. Structure mirrors CTET Paper 2 — compulsory CDP and both languages, plus a choice between Maths & Science or Social Studies. Uttar Pradesh runs some of India's largest state teacher recruitment drives by vacancy count, making UPTET one of the highest-volume state TETs.

REET is conducted by the Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan (BSER) and is Rajasthan's state teacher-eligibility gateway. Level 1 shares CTET Paper 1's exact 5-section syllabus, but the marking scheme is genuinely different — 2 marks per correct answer over 300 total marks, with 1/3 negative marking, versus CTET's 1 mark and no negative marking. REET has no separate General Knowledge section; Rajasthan-specific GK is tested later in REET Mains (the RPSC Third Grade Teacher exam), not in this eligibility paper.

REET Level 2 is BSER's eligibility paper for Classes VI-VIII, sharing CTET Paper 2's syllabus (CDP, both languages, and a Maths & Science or Social Studies choice) but scored 2 marks per correct answer over 300 total marks with 1/3 negative marking. Passing REET is a prerequisite for Rajasthan's state teacher recruitment cycles, including the RPSC Third Grade Teacher exam.

HTET is conducted by the Board of School Education, Haryana (BSEH) across three levels — PRT, TGT and PGT — unlike CTET's two-paper structure. HTET Level 1 is not a CTET clone: alongside Child Development & Pedagogy and both languages, it adds standalone Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning and Haryana-specific General Knowledge sections that CTET has no equivalent of. No negative marking.

HTET Level 2 is BSEH's eligibility paper for Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) posts, Classes VI-VIII. Candidates choose their subject in a 60-question block — Maths, Science, Social Science, English, Hindi or Computer Science — while Quant, Reasoning and Haryana GK stay common to every candidate regardless of subject.

HTET Level 3 is BSEH's eligibility paper for Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) posts, Classes IX-XII. The subject block covers post-graduation-depth content across Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology, Economics, Commerce, English, Hindi, Computer Science, History, Geography or Political Science — a wider subject spread than the TGT paper, reflecting senior-secondary teaching requirements.

MPTET is conducted by the Madhya Pradesh Employees Selection Board (MPESB, formerly Vyapam) using a "Varg" (grade) naming convention unique to MP — Varg 3 is Primary (Classes I-V), Varg 2 is Middle School (Classes VI-VIII), and Varg 1 is High School. Varg 3 mirrors CTET Paper 1's 5-section structure, but with 1/4 negative marking, which CTET does not have.

MPTET Varg 2 is MPESB's eligibility paper for Middle School Teacher posts, Classes VI-VIII, mirroring CTET Paper 2's structure (CDP, both languages, and a Maths & Science or Social Studies choice) with 1/4 negative marking.

From 2026, Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) and Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) run a single joint recruitment conducted by CBSE — one notification covering both organisations' 15,762 combined vacancies. Tier 1 is common to every post (PRT, TGT and PGT alike): every section here reuses an existing SSC/Police-style pool, so prior SSC or police-exam prep transfers directly. Shortlisting to Tier 2 is 1:10 per post category — Tier 1 alone does not select you.

Tier 2 for Primary Teacher (PRT) posts is a Subject Knowledge Test following Tier 1 shortlisting. This page covers only the 60-question objective half — Mathematics and Environmental Studies content and pedagogy at Classes I-V level. The real Tier 2 paper also carries a 10-question, 40-mark descriptive section (essay/short-answer) that is nearly 40% of the paper and cannot be practised here.

Tier 2 for Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) posts is a subject-specific Subject Knowledge Test at graduation-level depth. This page covers only the 60-question objective half of your chosen subject — Maths, Science, Social Science, English, Hindi or Computer Science. The real paper also carries a 40-mark descriptive section not represented here.

Tier 2 for Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) posts is a subject-specific Subject Knowledge Test at post-graduation depth, covering senior-secondary subjects from Physics through Political Science. This page models only the 60-question objective half of your chosen subject; the real paper also carries a 40-mark descriptive section not represented here.

DSSSB recruits Trained Graduate Teachers for Delhi government schools through a single one-tier CBT — no separate prelims/mains. Section A (General Awareness, Reasoning, Numerical Ability, Hindi, English) is 100% reused from the same pools as every SSC exam, so SSC prep transfers directly. Section B is a graduation-level subject test, weighted equally to Section A.

DSSSB PGT is a different paper from DSSSB TGT, not the same one scaled up — it runs 300 questions across 180 minutes, and Section B here carries 200 of 300 marks, double TGT's subject weight. Section A is the same 100-mark reuse as TGT (General Awareness, Reasoning, Numerical Ability, Hindi, English). Selection is this written test plus document verification — no further interview stage.